Cold climate can negatively impact humans because people that live in freezing climates it is harder to collect food (if they are farmers or not). People limit their outdoor activities to warmer [parts of the day so it isn’t as cold as it would be. Sin some societies they sleep in family group in order to share body warmth at night due to the low temperatures that occur. Also many people that live in freezing climates drink alcohol in order to warm themselves. The alcohol increases blood flow to the body and provides the feeling of being warm. The results are only temporary and can actually speed up the heat loss from vital organs which can lead to as faster death from hypothermia.
    4 ways in which humans have adapted to this stress is consuming large amounts of high calorie fatty foods which significantly increases the basal metabolic rate which results I the production of extra body heat. A cultural adaption would be how some society sleep in family group in order to keep warm. A short –term adaptation would be drinking alcohol to keep the warm feeling but that would only last as long as you drink and can actually cause more heat to dissipate from your body.
     The benefits from studying this would know how to deal with extremely cold climates and what to do is someone develops hypothermia from the freezing temperatures. Also by knowing that in cold temperatures a group can sleep together to keep warm it lowers that chances that a group in low temperature could survive.
      I don’t think using race could be used to understand the adaptations. To understand that adaptations you have to live in these areas and learn to survive and deal with these stresses. It is better to understand human variation by environmental influences because this is what these people deal with on a day to day basic where as if someone is a part of that ethnic background they wouldn’t have the necessary skills to adapt and survive as the indigenous person would.

Piltdown Man Hoax

In 1912, the scientist Charles Dawson is believed to have been the person to discover the Piltdown man. Charles Dawson discovered this while on a digging expedition and found a jaw bone that was ape like but had a human ware pattern. Arthur Keith was England leading anatomist. And that this proved his evolutionary theory that humans had big brains before they walked up right. Later scientists now know that the opposite is true. The additional finds he discovered shut down anyone that challenged this discovery of human fossils. No other Piltdown men were discovered Dawson Passed. In 1949 showed that the remains were very young about 100,000 years old. When the teeth were looked at it seems that the teeth were filled down because of the scratch mark it had. The Jaw bone dated back about less than 100 years. The jaw came from a female orangutan, the pieces of the jaw that were broken seemed to be perfectly broken so that the jaw could resemble to a human jaw. Scientists were shocked when they discovered that this was forged.  

Some human faults that come into play would include; National pride, self-interest with wanting the fame and glory of “discovering” something that never existed.

 The positive aspect of the scientific process that was responsible for the revealing of the fraud was disbelief and curiosity. So in 1949 and 1953 there were different test to see how old these remains were. These test were a fluorine test and then they launch the first full scale analysis with better dating methods. Also when looking under the microscope they realized that the teeth were filed down because of the deep scratch marks in the teeth. The jaw was from an orangutan.

I don’t think the human factor could not be removed because we need human curiosity to discovery new information. I think that there should be more people doing the discoveries and if possible constant surveillance on the scientist because of the fraud that could happen. But with new technology forging a discovery will be a lot harder than it was before. 

I think that there should be more information and evidence found about a discovery being claimed.  Because anyone can falsify information but if a large number of test are being done or fossils being found than I would be able to believe a claim. Other than that you can’t trust someone’s word because of over exagerations and lies.

Analogy & Homology

 The human and the horse both have similar bone arrangements. The human arm is designed in a way that allows us to carry and use tools to help us with our survival. Whereas the horse’s front leg is designed to run, jump and support their weight. Due the fact that the horse leg and the human arm have the same bones but are different in size and strength the bones are extremely similar and show that somewhere back during the beginning of evolution all mammals came from the same common ancestor.

The seal and the lizard both have front limbs that are similar, but the both have different functions. A seal’s front force flipper is what allows the seal to propel through the water as well as walk on land. Whereas the lizard use their legs to climb, run, and jump. The details in the arrangement is what allows these animals to do this. This may also mean that they may have a common ancestor but somewhere down the line the evolution of their front legs skewed into different adaptations.  

Protein Synthesis

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